A flat-end milling cutter, also known as an end mill, is a type of cutting tool used in milling machines and machining centers. It is designed to perform a variety of milling operations, such as profiling, slotting, and contouring, with a flat cutting edge that allows for the creation of precise and flat surfaces.
The primary characteristic of a flat-end milling cutter is its flat bottom edge, which allows for the creation of flat surfaces and sharp corners in the workpiece.
The cutting edges of flat-end mills are typically helical, which helps in chip removal and provides a smoother cutting action.
They are made from different materials, including high-speed steel (HSS), carbide, and cobalt, to suit various machining needs and materials.
Many flat-end mills come with coatings such as titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), or aluminum titanium nitride (AlTiN) to enhance tool life and performance.
They are available with different shank types, such as straight shanks and taper shanks, to fit various machine tool holders.

Versatility: Flat-end milling cutters can perform a wide range of milling operations, making them versatile tools in a machining shop.
Precision: The flat cutting edge provides high precision in creating flat surfaces and sharp corners, essential for detailed and accurate machining tasks.
Smooth Finish: Helical flutes and sharp cutting edges contribute to a smoother finish on the machined surfaces.
Efficiency: The design allows for efficient material removal, improving productivity in milling operations.
Customization: Available in various sizes and lengths, they can be selected or customized based on specific machining requirements.

Slotting: Creating slots or grooves in the workpiece.
Profiling: Milling complex shapes and contours.
Face Milling: Producing flat surfaces on the workpiece.
Plunging: Drilling operations where the end mill cuts vertically into the material.
Pocketing: Removing material from within an enclosed area on the workpiece.
Contour Milling: Creating intricate shapes and patterns on the workpiece.

Select Appropriate Tool: Choose the right material, size, and coating based on the workpiece material and the specific milling operation.
Optimal Speed and Feed: Use the recommended cutting speeds and feed rates for the specific end mill and material to achieve the best results.
Proper Tool Holding: Ensure the end mill is securely clamped in the tool holder to prevent vibration and achieve accurate machining.
Coolant Use: Utilize appropriate coolants to reduce heat and prolong tool life, especially when machining hard materials.